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I. Tenses:
* Continuous: Be + Present Participle
(V_ing)
* Perfect: Have + Past Participle
(V3 / ed)
1. PRESENT
- SIMPLE: (Thì HT ñôn)
V – Vs / es
- CONTINUOUS: (Thì HT tieáp dieãn)
am
is + V-ing
are
- PERFECT: (Thì HT hoøan thaønh)
have / has + V3 / ed
- PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (Thì HT hoøan thaønh tieáp dieãn)
have / has + been + V_ing
2. PAST
- SIMPLE: (Thì QK ñôn)
V2 / ed
- CONTINUOUS: (Thì QK tieáp dieãn)
was / were + V_ing
- PERFECT: (Thì QK hoøan thaønh)
had + V3 / ed
- PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (Thì QK hoøan thaønh tieáp dieãn)
had + been + V_ing
3. Future
- SIMPLE: (Thì TLñôn)
will / shall + V
- CONTINUOUS: (Thì TL tieáp dieãn)
will / shall + be + V_ing
- PERFECT: (Thì TL hoøan thaønh)
will / shall + have + V3 / ed
- PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (Thì TL hoøan thaønh tieáp dieãn)
will /shall + have + been + V_ing
II. Passive Voice:
Be + V3 / ed
1. We clean this room everyday.
They don’t use these computers very often.
Does Vietnam export roses to other countries?
2. They made that car in Japan.
Who taught you English last year?
3. The students will give a report in class tomorrow.
They will not do anything to help the poor on this village.
4. She is cooking dinner.
The police is questioning the robbers.
5. He was washing his car at 9am yesterday
6. Nga hasn’t read these novels before.
7. They had closed the bank before he came.
8. I will have finished my work by two tomorrow.
9. People say that he is the best doctor here.
10. They think that the man stole my car.
11. They made me do it.
12. Write your name here.
13. It’s impossible to grow roses here.
III. Reported Speech:
- Commands:
asked/ told sb [not] to do sth
[yeâu caàu/ ñeà nghò ai (khoâng ) laøm gì]
- Statements:
S + said (that) … [noùi raèng…]
S + told sb (that) … [baûo vôùi ai raèng]
3. Yes / No Questions:
S + asked [sb] if / whether …
[hoûi … xem …]
4. Wh-questions:
S + asked [sb] + wh-word …
[what, where, who, when,…]
Changes:
am / is à ……………………
are à ……………………
was/were à ……………………
can à ……………………
may à ……………………
must
have to à ……………………
has to
will à ……………………
should à ……………………
ought to à ……………………
live à ……………………
know à ……………………
don’t go à ……………………
knew à ……………………
didn’t live à ……………………
IV. Tag questions:
1. They have to stay home, ……………………………?
2. John has to walk home, ……………………………?
3. We had to work hard, ……………………………?
4. They have lived here for long, ……………………………?
5. She’s got a new car, ……………………………?
6. The concert had begun before you came, ……………………………?
7. He used to live here, ……………………………?
8. That was nice, ……………………………?
9. Those are beautiful, ……………………………?
10. There is a fridge in your room, ……………………………?
11.Your father never smokes, ……………………………?
seldom
rarely
hardly(ever)
V. Conditional Sentences:
1. Future Possible (Coù theå xaûy ra trong töông lai)
If – clause , main clause
V – Vs /es will + V
[Can,may,must,imperative]
2. Unreal Present (Khoâng thaät ôû HT à söï töôûng töôïng)
V2 / ed / were , would +V
could
3. Unreal Past (Khoâng thaät ôû QK à söï hoái tieác)
had + V3 / ed , would + have + V3 / ed
could
If only : (Giaù maø) : S + would + V (Töông lai)
S + V2 / ed / were (Hieän taïi)
S + had + V3 / ed (Quaù khöù)
- unless = if … not: tröø khi, neáu khoâng
- provided (that), condition (that), as long as, so long as : mieãn laø, vôùi ñieàu kieän laø
- suppose, supposing: giaû söû nhö
- even if : cho duø laø (= although)
Even if I had been invited, we couldn’t have come because I was very busy.
- otherwise: neáu khoâng thì
Wish : (ao öôùc): S + would + V (Töông lai)
S + V2 / ed / were (Hieän taïi)
S + had + V3 / ed
VI. Causative Form:
Active: have sb do sth
[bare inf V]
Passive: have sth done (by sb)
[ V3 /ed ]
Active: get sb to do sth
[to- inf V]
Passive: get sth done (by sb)
[ V3 /ed ]
try, decide, hope, forget, remember, intend, need, want, mean, offer, plan, promise, refuse, …, would like
force, order, want, ask, tell, help, expect, persuade, remind, warn, enable, advise, allow, permit, encourage
VII. Relative Clauses:
* Relative Pronouns:
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Subiect
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Object
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Possessive
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Person
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who/ that
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(whom/that)
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whose
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Things and animals
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which /that
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(which/that)
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whose/ of which
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1. The man is standing over there. Do you know him?
S
2. I know the woman. You want to meet her.
O
3. The hat is mine. It is on the table.
S
4. These are the books. My father likes these books.
O
5. That is the boy. His bike was stolen.
Possessive adj
6. Mary saved a cat. Its leg was broken.
Possessive adj
7. Sunday is the day. We will come on that day (then)
8. I will never forget the city. I was born in that city (there)
9. He told me the reason. He was absent for that reason.
10. The people and the cattle went to the fair. They made a lot of noise.
11. John has two sisters , both of ………………………………… are married.
12.I have a lot of friends, most of ……………………………… are good.
13. He gave me a lot of flowers, half of ………………………… are roses.
14. She failed the exam,………………………………… made her parents disappointed
15. She often helps poor people, …………………………………… is one of her charity activities.
* “ed” endings:
1. /id/: à / t , d /: wanted, decided, intended
2. / t/ : à / k , p, f , s , ò, tò / : liked, stopped, laughed, washed, clutched
3. / d / : à others : warned, gathered, …
- so + adj / adv + that … : quaù … ñeán noãi …
[so adj + a / an + N + that …]
- such + (a/ an) + adj + that …
- because + clause [ S + V]
since
as
for
Seeing that
Now that
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We (go)……………………… to school every morning.
She (do)……………………………… the housework in the afternoon.
They usually (meet)…………………………… on weekends.
John (be) …………………………………… a journalist.
My mother (not work) ……………………………………………… on Saturday.
We (play)…………………………………………………soccer now.
I(make)……………………………………… coffee for my family at the moment.
Listen! Someone (knock)…………………………………………at the door.
She (lose)……………………………………… her mobile phone and she (not find)…………………………………………… it anywhere.
We(just come)……………………………………… back from the seaside.
They (live) ………………………………………… here for 10 years.
She (already finish)…………………………………………… her work.
I(learn)……………………………………………………… English for 4 years.
We (wait)……………………………………………………… for you since 8.30
He(work)…………………………………………………………… for this company since he left college.
Liz(come) ……………………………………to Vietnam for the first time last year.
They (live)………………………………… in Hue two years ago.
We (not buy) ……………………………………………that bike yesterday.
This time yesterday I ( do)…………………………………………… my homework.
He ( watch )……………………………………………… TV when we came.
Jane (learn) …………………………………………… Spanish while I (play) ……………………………………………… computer games.
I (finish)…………………………………………… my work before ten yesterday.
She (take)……………………………………………… the exam before she went abroad.
He had been working as an actor before he became a playwright.
I ( travel ) ……………………………………………to Paris next year.
Nga and I (meet) ………………………………………… at the movies tonight.
They (not let)………………………………………… you in if you come late.
We (take)…………………………………………….. the entrance exam at this time tomorrow.
Lan (finish)…………………………………………………….. her essay by half past nine.
She (graduate)…………………………………………by June next year.
My father (work)……………………………………………………………… here for 30 years when he retires.
This room …………………………………………………………………………………………
These computers……………………………………………………………………………
Are roses…………………………………………………………………………………………?
That car …………………………………………………………………………………………
By whom ………………………………………………………………………………………
(Who were you taught English last year by?)
(By whom was English taught to you last year?)
A report ……………………………………………………………………………………………
Nothing …………………………………………………………………………………………
Dinner ………………………………………………………………………………………………
The robbers ……………………………………………………………………………………
His car ………………………………………………………………………………………………
These novels …………………………………………………………………………………
The bank …………………………………………………………………………………………
My work …………………………………………………………………………………………
It …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
He ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
It…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The man …………………………………………………………………………………………
I was made to do it.
Let your name be written here.
It’s impossible for roses to be grown here.
My mother said, “ Bring me some sugar,please”
My mother …………………………………………………………………………………
She said, “Don’t come late again.”
She …………………………………………………………………………………………………
She said, “ I will visit you next summer.”
She said [told me] (that) she would visit me the next summer.
He said, “ Can you swim ,Susan?”
He asked Susan if / whether she could swim (or not)
They asked. “Where do you come from?”
They asked me where I came from.
- They say, “ When is the meeting?”
They ask when the meeting is.
here à ………………………………………
this à ………………………………………
these à ………………………………………
now à ………………………………………
today à ………………………………………
tonight à ………………………………………
tomorrow à ………………………………………
à ………………………………………
à ………………………………………
next year à ………………………………………
à ………………………………………
ago à ………………………………………
yesterday à ………………………………………
à ………………………………………
last week à ………………………………………
à ………………………………………
12. Nobody can solve this problem, ……………………………?
13. Nothing was done before we came, ……………………………?
14. No littering is allowed here, ……………………………?
14. I’m good-looking, ……………………………?
16. I am not late, ……………………………?
17, Give me a hand, ……………………………?
18. Don’t tell anyone about that, ……………………………?
19. Let’s go shopping, ……………………………?
20. Few people came to the meeting, ……………………………?
21. Very little progress has been made, ……………………………?
22. We had better stay at home, ……………………………?
23. He’d rather go swimming, ……………………………?
24. I don’t think she can pass the exam, ……………………………?
25. I think they won’t come, ……………………………………?
If she comes, we’ll be very happy.
If you want, you can use my laptop
If anyone calls, tell him to call me back after three.
Inversion: Should anyone call, tell him to call me back after three
If I were superman, I would fly aroung the world.
If he had more practice, he could speak French better.
Inversion: Were I superman, I would fly around the world.
Had he more practice, he could speak French better.
If I had known your number, I would have called you last night.
Inversion: Had I known your number, I would have called you last night.
If only you (come) ……………………………………… tomorrow.
If only I (be) ……………………………………… a millionaire.
If only we (not buy) ………………………………………… this second-hand car.
- although , though, even though + clause [S + V]
- despite, in spite of + N / V-ing
- adj / adv as + S + V, … : maëc duø
Carefully as he drove, he caused an accident.
= Although he drove carefully , …
I wish you (come) ……………………………………… tomorrow.
I wish I (be) ……………………………………… a millionaire.
I wish we (not buy) ………………………………………… this second-hand car.
I’ll have my father repair my bike.
I’ll have my bike repaired (by my father)
They got a plumber to fix the faucets.
They got the fauctes fixed by a plumber.
enjoy, like, love, prefer, dislike, hate, suggest, try, stop, finish, avoid, deny, amit, regret, practise, keep
see, smell, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe
- make / let sb do sth
- verbs + V (bare inf):
can,may, must, could, might, should, would, shall, will, …, had better, would rather
* Relative Adverbs:
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when ( on/ at/in which)
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time
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where ( on/ at/in which)
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place
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why (for which)
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reason
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Preposition (for, of, at, …) + whom
Preposition (for, of, at, …) + which
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Do you know....................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….?
I know ………………………………………………………………………………………………
The hat ……………………………………………………………………………………………
These are …………………………………………………………………………………………
That ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Mary saved the cat ……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………..
Sunday is the day …………………………………………………………………………
I will never forget …………………………………………………………………………
He told ………………………………………………………………………………………………
The people and the cattle…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Mrs Nga, ……………………………… your father is talking to, is my Math teacher.
17.This movie, …………………… I have seen twice, was made in Korea.
18. Mary, ………………………………… father works as a laywer,
is my best friend.
19.Do you know the woman ………………………………… name is Margaret Mitchell?
20. My car, …………………………………… was bought last year, was made in Japan.
* “s / es “ endings:
1. / s / : à / t , k , p , f , θ / : students, months, maps
2. / iz /: à / s , ò , tò , dz , z / : misses, brushes, oranges,…
3. / z : à others: pens, rulers, …
He was so careless that he broke the vase this morning.
He was so careless a boy that …
He was such a careless boy that …
Inversion:So careless was he (the boy) that …
Such was a careless boy that …
Because there was no electricity, they had to use candles.
Since I had nothing to do , I sat sleeping on the sofa.
Because of lack of electricity, they …
Because of having nothing to do , …
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